科學 訊息

Seemingly miraculous innovations have made it possible to slake the ever-growing thirsts of our industrial society. Need more energy? Frack it from deep-bedded rocks. Fresh water? Desalinate ocean flows. Precious metals? Leach them from low-grade ores that were previously unminable.

From the water that comes out of the faucet to the chemical reactions in jet engines that propel planes, turbulence affects our everyday lives. Researchers at Georgia Tech are studying the complex physics of turbulence in simplified settings that could help us better understand nature and engineering.

Hydrogen-burning internal combustion engines offer great promise in the fight against climate change because they are powerful without emitting any earth-warming carbon. They can power heavy-duty trucks and buses and are suited for off-road and agricultural equipment and backup power generators, providing cleaner alternatives to diesel engines.

Skoltech researchers and their colleagues from the University of Granada, Spain, have determined the most efficient ways to reinforce vaults and domes in architecture. The team compared how well various traditional and unconventional patterns of stiffening ribs enable a structure to withstand both evenly distributed and asymmetric loads.

A new fabrication technique for substantially enhancing the prospects of commercializing perovskite solar cells through improved stability, reliability, efficiency and affordability is underway at City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK).

近年來，機器人專家開發了各種各樣的系統，旨在解決各種現實世界的任務，從完成家務到運送包裹或在指定環境中尋找目標物。

Multimaterial 3D printing enables makers to fabricate customized devices with multiple colors and varied textures. But the process can be time-consuming and wasteful because existing 3D printers must switch between multiple nozzles, often discarding one material before they can start depositing another.

壓縮機發出嗡嗡聲，空調系統發出嘎嘎聲，火車車廂底盤發出嘎嘎聲，為乘客帶來迴響。振動不僅令人煩惱，而且可能有害。從長遠來看，它們會損壞材料和機器並縮短其使用壽命。更重要的是，振動產生的噪音對人體健康有害。

Made from renewable materials like biomass and agricultural waste, sustainable aviation fuel has enormous potential to decarbonize the aviation industry. But widespread adoption has yet to take off.

The process of testing new solar cell technologies has traditionally been slow and costly, requiring multiple steps. Led by a fifth-year Ph.D. student, a Johns Hopkins team has developed a machine learning method that promises to dramatically speed up this process, paving the way for more efficient and affordable renewable energy solutions.

阿拉斯加地質學家馬克·邁爾斯希望地下氫儲量能為新的州能源產業提供動力。

Space weather forecasters say a severe solar storm heading to Earth could stress power grids even more as the U.S. deals with major back-to-back hurricanes.

一般來說，刀具故障約佔加工中心停機時間的 7%。更嚴重的是，刀具故障會降低零件的加工質量，甚至損壞機器。因此，刀具磨損狀態監測（TWCM）是智慧製造的重要組成部分，自1968年以來一直是研究熱點。

Form Energy 是一家開始生產更耐用的鋰電池替代品的公司，週三宣布獲得 4.05 億美元的融資，達到了一個里程碑。

A pair of electrical engineers at Distance University of Madrid, working with a colleague from Mision Critica-Data Center, ZFB Technology Services, in Columbia, has developed a methodology for generating electricity from man-made wind sources using small turbines.

Neural networks have a remarkable ability to learn specific tasks, such as identifying handwritten digits. However, these models often experience "catastrophic forgetting" when taught additional tasks: They can successfully learn the new assignments, but "forget" how to complete the original. For many artificial neural networks, like those that guide self-driving cars, learning additional tasks thus requires being fully reprogrammed.

Using mechanisms inspired by nature to create new technological innovations is a signature of one Virginia Tech research team. The group led by Associate Professor Michael Bartlett has created an octopus-inspired adhesive, inspired by the shape of octopus suckers, that can quickly grab and controllably release challenging underwater objects.

Artificial Intelligence has learned to master language, generate art, and even beat grandmasters at chess. But can it crack the code of abstract reasoning—those tricky visual puzzles that leave humans scratching their heads?

John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton received the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their research on machine learning algorithms and neural networks that help computers learn. Their work has been fundamental in developing neural network theories that underpin generative artificial intelligence.

A recently developed electronic tongue is capable of identifying differences in similar liquids, such as milk with varying water content; diverse products, including soda types and coffee blends; signs of spoilage in fruit juices; and instances of food safety concerns.