科学 新闻

At the beginning of the 20th century, the invention of X-ray imaging provided a leap of knowledge in medical science. Since then, we can see how our body's bones work, bringing numerous new treatments to light.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that integrate various components, such as miniature sensors, electronics and actuators, onto a single chip. These small devices have proved highly promising for precisely detecting biological signals, acceleration, force and other measurements.

On Sept. 13, 1944, researchers subjected a Bell P-39L Airacobra to frigid temperatures and a freezing water spray in the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)'s new Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) to study inflight ice buildup. Since that first run at the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (now NASA's Glenn Research Center) in Cleveland, the facility has operated on a regular basis for 80 years and remains the oldest and one of the largest icing tunnels in the world.

New research introduces a method to improve the accuracy and speed of dynamic emotion recognition using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze faces. The work undertaken by Lanbo Xu of Northeastern University in Shenyang, China, could have applications for mental health, human-computer interaction, security, and other areas.

Across all species, critical skills are passed on from parents to offspring through communication. Researchers at the University Hospital Bonn (UKB) and the Researchers at the University of Bonn showed that effective communication relies on how both the sender and receiver represent information. Their study reveals how this process underlies training efficacy and task performance. Their results have been published in the journal Nature Communications.

A new protective shirt geared to the needs of wildland firefighters has been developed by University of Alberta researchers. The prototype garment offers more protection than the current version commonly worn by workers who fight wildfires, says Elena Kosareva, who designed the shirt to earn a Ph.D. in textile and apparel science from the Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences.

Researchers at the Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics (IAP), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and collaborators have designed a new supercapacitor that can be charged by light shining on it. Such supercapacitors can be used in various devices, including streetlights and self-powered electronic devices such as sensors.

Prof. Kaichen Xu and his coworkers from Zhejiang University have developed a novel method to integrate sensor systems directly into engineering thermoplastics using laser technology. Their breakthrough offers the potential for improved safety and extended service life of critical equipment across various industries, including aerospace, automotive, health care, and transportation.

Deep learning (DL) has significantly transformed the field of computational imaging, offering powerful solutions to enhance performance and address a variety of challenges. Traditional methods often rely on discrete pixel representations, which limit resolution and fail to capture the continuous and multiscale nature of physical objects. Recent research from Boston University (BU) presents a novel approach to overcome these limitations.

锂离子电池可能会带来重大危险，其安全概念基于狭隘的标准。谢菲尔德研究人员在《储能杂志》上发表的对热失控气体排放的荟萃分析提高了人们的理解，并强调了对风险进行更广泛分析的必要性。

A new ultra-small electronic nose (e-nose) that operates on ultralow power opens up possibilities for applications in various fields, such as air quality monitoring, health diagnostics, food safety, and environmental protection.

研究人员表示，得益于嵌入式超灵敏纺织应变传感器技术，用于语音识别的可穿戴“智能”项圈有可能重新定义无声语音接口（SSI）领域。

The transportation sector is still among the main sources of air pollution and climate change on Earth, accounting for approximately 59% of oil consumption and 22% of CO2 emissions. Identifying effective strategies to limit the fuel consumed by vehicles could thus contribute to reducing pollution while also addressing global energy shortages.

大多数时候，诚实是最好的政策。社会规范帮助人们理解何时需要说真话，何时不应该说真话，以保护他人的感情或避免伤害。但这些规范如何适用于越来越多地与人类合作的机器人呢？为了了解人类是否可以接受机器人说谎，科学家要求近 500 名参与者对不同类型的机器人欺骗进行评分并证明其合理性。

Surging demand for the data and processing power of artificial intelligence is putting a hidden strain on U.S. electrical grids.

Butterflies can see more of the world than humans, including more colors and the field oscillation direction, or polarization, of light. This special ability enables them to navigate with precision, forage for food and communicate with one another. Other species, like the mantis shrimp, can sense an even wider spectrum of light, as well as the circular polarization, or spinning states, of light waves. They use this capability to signal a "love code," which helps them find and be discovered by mates.

In simulated life-or-death decisions, about two-thirds of people in a UC Merced study allowed a robot to change their minds when it disagreed with them—an alarming display of excessive trust in artificial intelligence, researchers said.

在快速发展的 3D 打印世界中，对更快、更高效和多功能生产方法的追求永无止境。传统的 3D 打印技术虽然具有开创性，但通常非常耗时，而且可用作原料的材料种类有限。

One of the most critical safety concerns for electric vehicles is keeping their batteries cool, as temperature spikes can lead to dangerous consequences.

Windows, the vital conduits between indoor spaces and the external environment, also serve as primary entry points for harmful light waves and electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, managing light transmission and scattering typically requires different material systems and devices.