科学 ニュース

Seemingly miraculous innovations have made it possible to slake the ever-growing thirsts of our industrial society. Need more energy? Frack it from deep-bedded rocks. Fresh water? Desalinate ocean flows. Precious metals? Leach them from low-grade ores that were previously unminable.

From the water that comes out of the faucet to the chemical reactions in jet engines that propel planes, turbulence affects our everyday lives. Researchers at Georgia Tech are studying the complex physics of turbulence in simplified settings that could help us better understand nature and engineering.

Hydrogen-burning internal combustion engines offer great promise in the fight against climate change because they are powerful without emitting any earth-warming carbon. They can power heavy-duty trucks and buses and are suited for off-road and agricultural equipment and backup power generators, providing cleaner alternatives to diesel engines.

Skoltech researchers and their colleagues from the University of Granada, Spain, have determined the most efficient ways to reinforce vaults and domes in architecture. The team compared how well various traditional and unconventional patterns of stiffening ribs enable a structure to withstand both evenly distributed and asymmetric loads.

A new fabrication technique for substantially enhancing the prospects of commercializing perovskite solar cells through improved stability, reliability, efficiency and affordability is underway at City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK).

In recent years, roboticists have developed a wide range of systems designed to tackle various real-world tasks, ranging from completing household chores to delivering packages or finding target objects in delineated environments.

Multimaterial 3D printing enables makers to fabricate customized devices with multiple colors and varied textures. But the process can be time-consuming and wasteful because existing 3D printers must switch between multiple nozzles, often discarding one material before they can start depositing another.

A compressor hums, an air conditioning system rattles, a railway carriage chassis clatters, sending reverberations through its passengers. Vibrations are not only annoying but can also be harmful. Over the long term, they can destroy materials and machines and shorten their service lives. What's more, the noise generated by vibrations is harmful to human health and well-being.

Made from renewable materials like biomass and agricultural waste, sustainable aviation fuel has enormous potential to decarbonize the aviation industry. But widespread adoption has yet to take off.

The process of testing new solar cell technologies has traditionally been slow and costly, requiring multiple steps. Led by a fifth-year Ph.D. student, a Johns Hopkins team has developed a machine learning method that promises to dramatically speed up this process, paving the way for more efficient and affordable renewable energy solutions.

Alaska geologist Mark Myers hopes that underground reserves of hydrogen could fuel a new state energy industry.

Space weather forecasters say a severe solar storm heading to Earth could stress power grids even more as the U.S. deals with major back-to-back hurricanes.

In general, tool failure contributes about 7% to the down time of machine centers. And more severely, tool failure will reduce the machining quality of parts, and even damage the machine. Therefore, Tool wear condition monitoring (TWCM) is an important part of intelligent manufacturing, and has been a research hotspot since 1968.

Form Energy, a company that is beginning to produce a longer-lasting alternative to lithium batteries, hit a milestone Wednesday with an announcement of $405 million in funding.

A pair of electrical engineers at Distance University of Madrid, working with a colleague from Mision Critica-Data Center, ZFB Technology Services, in Columbia, has developed a methodology for generating electricity from man-made wind sources using small turbines.

ニューラル ネットワークは、手書きの数字の識別など、特定のタスクを学習する優れた能力を備えています。ただし、これらのモデルは、追加のタスクを教えられると「壊滅的な忘却」を経験することがよくあります。新しい課題はうまく学習できますが、元の課題を完了する方法を「忘れて」しまいます。したがって、自動運転車を誘導する人工ニューラル ネットワークなど、多くの人工ニューラル ネットワークでは、追加のタスクを学習するには完全に再プログラムする必要があります。

Using mechanisms inspired by nature to create new technological innovations is a signature of one Virginia Tech research team. The group led by Associate Professor Michael Bartlett has created an octopus-inspired adhesive, inspired by the shape of octopus suckers, that can quickly grab and controllably release challenging underwater objects.

Artificial Intelligence has learned to master language, generate art, and even beat grandmasters at chess. But can it crack the code of abstract reasoning—those tricky visual puzzles that leave humans scratching their heads?

John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton received the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their research on machine learning algorithms and neural networks that help computers learn. Their work has been fundamental in developing neural network theories that underpin generative artificial intelligence.

最近開発された電子舌は、水分含有量が異なる牛乳など、同様の液体の違いを識別することができます。ソーダタイプやブレンドコーヒーなどの多様な製品。フルーツジュースの腐敗の兆候。食品の安全性に関する懸念の例。