The Florida Senate voted Wednesday to remove the Broward County sheriff, backing Gov. Ron DeSantis’s decision to oust him for the botched response to the 2018 massacre at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., that left 17 dead.

The 25-15 vote for the removal of the sheriff, Scott Israel, a Democrat, was largely along party lines. Three Democratic senators voted for it and one Republican voted against it.

The sheriff and his supporters had largely considered the ouster to be political.

Mr. Israel, who was elected in 2012 and re-elected in 2016, said in a statement Wednesday that “politics won the day.”

“Your vote has been stolen and the results of our 2016 election have been overturned,” he said. “From 450 miles away, the governor substituted his judgment for yours and installed his own sheriff in Broward County.”

Governor DeSantis, a Republican, thanked the Florida Senate “for tending to this matter” in a statement released Wednesday.

“I hope the outcome provides some measure of relief to the Parkland families that have been doggedly pursuing accountability,” he said.

During his 2018 campaign, Governor DeSantis had promised to remove Mr. Israel, and suspended him one day after taking office. The governor named Gregory Tony, a former sergeant from the Coral Springs Police Department, to the post.

An investigator hired by the Florida Senate to look into Mr. Israel’s actions had recommended that the sheriff be reinstated. State law dictates that the Senate must approve or reject a governor’s decision to remove a constitutional officer, like the sheriff, who is voted into office.

Mr. Israel has vowed to run for sheriff again in 2020. Asked on Tuesday if he would remove Mr. Israel from office should he win, Governor DeSantis said no.

Critics of the sheriff, including the governor, have said that Mr. Israel should be held accountable for his failed leadership of the department.

In December, a state commission investigating the Parkland shooting found that eight deputies from the Broward County Sheriff’s Office ignored protocol for active shooters that calls for pursuing a gunman to try to disarm him. Months before the commission’s report, Mr. Israel publicly defended his actions as “amazing leadership.”

There was an impassioned debate in the Senate over whether to remove Mr. Israel.

Parents and classmates of some Parkland victims spoke in emotional terms at a hearing on Monday about why he should remain out of office.

“The senseless murder of so many, including my 14-year-old daughter, Alaina, tests the limits of faith and demands more endurance than I thought possible,” said Ryan Petty, who choked back tears and called the massacre “arguably the most preventable school shooting in history” because of the gunman’s troubled history.

“Every relevant authority knew he was a deeply troubled youth with a potential for lethal violence,” he said.

Anthony Borges, a former Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School student who was shot five times, walked up to the microphone wearing a suit.

“I’m here to represent my friend, Martin Duque, who is not with us anymore as a result of this massacre,” he said. “The governor did the right thing. Please respect the decision.”

But Mr. Israel also brought supporters from Broward County, where he remains popular among some of the voters who elected him, especially African-American residents.

Supporters argued that lawmakers should respect the fact that Mr. Israel was elected and allow his constituents to vote him out next year if they so choose.

“Don’t let a small community make this decision for the whole Broward County,” said Sandra Jackson, a resident of Deerfield Beach, Fla.

On Wednesday, Senator Tom Lee, a Republican from Thonotosassa, said he could not side with his party. He criticized the Senate’s decision to allow a lawyer for Mr. DeSantis to present evidence against Mr. Israel after the investigator’s recommendation had been made.

“You can’t have confidence that justice was conducted here,” he said.

Mr. Lee also warned that other elected officials, especially sheriffs, had told him they were worried about the precedent lawmakers would set by removing a constitutional officer over the actions, or inaction, of his employees.