科学 ニュース

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) can provide nearly 10 times higher energy density compared to the present Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and hence are identified as one of the potential future storage systems. However, LMBs pose certain safety concerns and cannot be used for fast-charging applications. Uncontrolled dendrite formation, leading to excessive heating and battery short circuit is one of the critical challenges of its advancement.

Quantum computers of the future may ultimately outperform their classical counterparts to solve intractable problems in computer science, medicine, business, chemistry, physics, and other fields. But the machines are not there yet: They are riddled with inherent errors, which researchers are actively working to reduce.

Whether it's a powered prosthesis to assist a person who has lost a limb or an independent robot navigating the outside world, we are asking machines to perform increasingly complex, dynamic tasks. But the standard electric motor was designed for steady, ongoing activities like running a compressor or spinning a conveyor belt—even updated designs waste a lot of energy when making more complicated movements.

The best-known byproduct of ultrasound—so named because its frequencies exceed the range of the human ear—is, in fact, not audio but visual: 2D imagery, often of a fetus maturing in the womb. But ultrasound has also found a place in other corners of the medical realm, from assessing blood flow to examining suspicious lumps and diagnosing disease.

U.N. agencies have warned that electrical and electronic waste is piling up worldwide while recycling rates remain low and are likely to fall even further.

A team of roboticists at California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, working with a colleague from Carnegie Mellon University's, Robotic Institute, has developed a snake-like robot to investigate the terrain on Enceladus, Saturn's sixth-largest moon.

Psychology studies have demonstrated that by the age of 4–5, young children have developed intricate visual models of the world around them. These internal visual models allow them to outperform advanced computer vision techniques on various object recognition tasks.

Researchers from the Oxford Martin Programme on Ethical Web and Data Architectures (EWADA), University of Oxford, have called for a more considered approach when embedding ethical principles in the development and governance of AI for children.

Words are important to express ourselves. What we don't say, however, may be even more instrumental in conveying emotions. Humans can often tell how people around them feel through non-verbal cues embedded in our voice.

2023 was confirmed as the hottest year on record and rising temperatures led to the loss of 1 million square kilometers of arctic ice​.

Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) are typically powered by polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and produce water in the cathode.

A team of chemists from Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania, developed a new material for perovskite solar cells. After polymerization, it can be used as a hole transporting layer in both regular and inverted architecture solar cells; in both cases, the solar elements constructed have better power conversion efficiencies and operational stability.

As one of the most successful eye designs in the animal kingdom, natural compound eyes (NCEs) have attracted significant research attention in replicating the anatomical configuration to form biomimetic curved artificial compound eyes (BCACEs).

One of the hallmarks of humanity is language, but now, powerful new artificial intelligence tools also compose poetry, write songs, and have extensive conversations with human users. Tools like ChatGPT and Gemini are widely available at the tap of a button—but just how smart are these AIs?

Memory, or the ability to store information in a readily accessible way, is an essential operation in computers and human brains. A key difference is that while brain information processing involves performing computations directly on stored data, computers shuttle data back and forth between a memory unit and a central processing unit (CPU). This inefficient separation (the von Neumann bottleneck) contributes to the rising energy cost of computers.

John Dolbow, professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at Duke University and Oscar Lopez-Pamies, professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have collaborated on computational fracture mechanics to understand better and predict material failure. Their work has been published in the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids.

Men who experienced work stress were 49% more likely to have heart disease compared with those who didn't.

Daylight saving time for 2023 will end in early November with most Americans having to "fall back" for the biannual time change and turn their clocks back an hour.

Imagine being able to wear your smartphone on your wrist, not as a watch, but literally as a flexible band that surrounds around your arm. How about clothes that charge your gadgets just by wearing them?

A research team, led by Professor Sung-Yeon Jang in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST has achieved a significant advancement in solar cell technology. Through a collaborative effort with Professor Sang Kyu Kwak and his team at Korea University, the researchers have developed a technology that greatly enhances the efficiency of solar cell devices by integrating tin–lead halide perovskites (TLHPs) photoactive layers with quantum dot layers.