科学 ニュース

At the beginning of the 20th century, the invention of X-ray imaging provided a leap of knowledge in medical science. Since then, we can see how our body's bones work, bringing numerous new treatments to light.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that integrate various components, such as miniature sensors, electronics and actuators, onto a single chip. These small devices have proved highly promising for precisely detecting biological signals, acceleration, force and other measurements.

On Sept. 13, 1944, researchers subjected a Bell P-39L Airacobra to frigid temperatures and a freezing water spray in the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)'s new Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) to study inflight ice buildup. Since that first run at the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (now NASA's Glenn Research Center) in Cleveland, the facility has operated on a regular basis for 80 years and remains the oldest and one of the largest icing tunnels in the world.

New research introduces a method to improve the accuracy and speed of dynamic emotion recognition using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze faces. The work undertaken by Lanbo Xu of Northeastern University in Shenyang, China, could have applications for mental health, human-computer interaction, security, and other areas.

すべての種において、重要なスキルはコミュニケーションを通じて親から子に受け継がれます。ボン大学病院 (UKB) の研究者とボン大学の研究者は、効果的なコミュニケーションは送信者と受信者の両方が情報をどのように表現するかに依存していることを示しました。彼らの研究は、このプロセスがトレーニングの有効性とタスクのパフォーマンスの根底にどのように存在するかを明らかにしています。彼らの結果は、Nature Communications 誌に掲載されました。

A new protective shirt geared to the needs of wildland firefighters has been developed by University of Alberta researchers. The prototype garment offers more protection than the current version commonly worn by workers who fight wildfires, says Elena Kosareva, who designed the shirt to earn a Ph.D. in textile and apparel science from the Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences.

インド科学研究所（IISc）計測応用物理学科（IAP）の研究者と共同研究者らは、光が当たることで充電できる新しいスーパーキャパシタを設計した。このようなスーパーキャパシタは、街路灯やセンサーなどの自己電源型電子デバイスを含むさまざまなデバイスで使用できます。

Prof. Kaichen Xu and his coworkers from Zhejiang University have developed a novel method to integrate sensor systems directly into engineering thermoplastics using laser technology. Their breakthrough offers the potential for improved safety and extended service life of critical equipment across various industries, including aerospace, automotive, health care, and transportation.

ディープ ラーニング (DL) はコンピュテーショナル イメージングの分野を大きく変革し、パフォーマンスを向上させ、さまざまな課題に対処するための強力なソリューションを提供します。従来の方法は離散ピクセル表現に依存することが多く、解像度が制限され、物理オブジェクトの連続的かつマルチスケールの性質を捉えることができません。ボストン大学 (BU) の最近の研究では、これらの制限を克服するための新しいアプローチが示されています。

Li-ion batteries can present major hazards, with the notion of safety based on narrow criteria. A meta-analysis of thermal runaway gas emissions by Sheffield researchers, published in the Journal of Energy Storage improves understanding and highlights the need for a broader analysis of risks.

A new ultra-small electronic nose (e-nose) that operates on ultralow power opens up possibilities for applications in various fields, such as air quality monitoring, health diagnostics, food safety, and environmental protection.

A wearable 'smart' choker for speech recognition has the potential to redefine the field of silent speech interface (SSI), say researchers—thanks to embedded ultrasensitive textile strain sensor technology.

The transportation sector is still among the main sources of air pollution and climate change on Earth, accounting for approximately 59% of oil consumption and 22% of CO2 emissions. Identifying effective strategies to limit the fuel consumed by vehicles could thus contribute to reducing pollution while also addressing global energy shortages.

Honesty is the best policy… most of the time. Social norms help humans understand when we need to tell the truth and when we shouldn't, to spare someone's feelings or avoid harm. But how do these norms apply to robots, which are increasingly working with humans? To understand whether humans can accept robots telling lies, scientists asked almost 500 participants to rate and justify different types of robot deception.

Surging demand for the data and processing power of artificial intelligence is putting a hidden strain on U.S. electrical grids.

Butterflies can see more of the world than humans, including more colors and the field oscillation direction, or polarization, of light. This special ability enables them to navigate with precision, forage for food and communicate with one another. Other species, like the mantis shrimp, can sense an even wider spectrum of light, as well as the circular polarization, or spinning states, of light waves. They use this capability to signal a "love code," which helps them find and be discovered by mates.

カリフォルニア大学マーセド校の研究では、生死の決定をシミュレーションしたところ、約3分の2の人々が、自分の考えに同意しない場合にロボットの考えを変えることを許可しており、これは人工知能に対する過剰な信頼の憂慮すべき表れであると研究者らは述べた。

In the rapidly evolving world of 3D printing, the pursuit of faster, more efficient and versatile production methods is never-ending. Traditional 3D printing techniques, while groundbreaking, are often time-consuming and limited in the kinds of materials they can use as feedstock.

One of the most critical safety concerns for electric vehicles is keeping their batteries cool, as temperature spikes can lead to dangerous consequences.

Windows, the vital conduits between indoor spaces and the external environment, also serve as primary entry points for harmful light waves and electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, managing light transmission and scattering typically requires different material systems and devices.