科学 ニュース

Some of the greatest discoveries don't come merely from observations but from thinking. Einstein developed theories about relativity through thought experiments, and Galileo derived insights about gravity through mental simulations.

A new study by University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers demonstrates the effectiveness of homemade play putty at reading brain, heart, muscle and eye activity. Published in Device, the research outlines the conductive properties of this material, so-named "squishy circuits."

Amid an outbreak of recent wildfires in California, Google announced a commitment to spend $13 million to improve satellite imaging to help track and detect wildfires, starting as early as next year.

On Sept. 12, OpenAI announced a new ChatGPT model that the company says is substantially better at math and science than previous versions, which struggled with reasoning. An earlier model scored just 13% on the qualifying exam for the International Mathematical Olympiad (the top high school math competition). The new model, called "o1," raised that score to 83%.

Infrastructure often suffers severe damage due to both natural geotechnical hazards, such as floods or earthquakes, and man-made ones such as underground construction work and excavations.

A study finds that ChatGPT expresses cultural values resembling people in English-speaking and Protestant European countries. Large language models, including ChatGPT, are trained on data that overrepresent certain countries and cultures, raising the possibility that the output from these models may be culturally biased.

A discovery six years ago took the condensed-matter physics world by storm: Ultra-thin carbon stacked in two slightly askew layers became a superconductor, and changing the twist angle between layers could toggle their electrical properties. The landmark 2018 paper describing "magic-angle graphene superlattices" launched a new field called "twistronics," and the first author was then-MIT graduate student and recent Harvard Junior Fellow Yuan Cao.

A key step toward reusing CO2 to make sustainable fuels is chaining carbon atoms together, and an artificial photosynthesis system developed at the University of Michigan can bind two of them into hydrocarbons with field-leading performance.

If all the high-voltage transmission currently under construction and in advanced stages of permitting is built by 2030 in the Western United States—enabling the construction of new renewable energy projects—carbon dioxide emissions in the Western United States would drop by 73% compared to 2005.

Inspired by the architecture of human bone's tough outer layer, engineers at Princeton have developed a cement-based material that is 5.6 times more damage-resistant than standard counterparts. The bio-inspired design allows the material to resist cracking and avoid sudden failure, unlike conventional, brittle cement-based counterparts.

A research team has pushed the boundaries of solar cell technology. On July 3, a new world record for perovskite solar cell performance set by Professor Xu's (University of Science and Technology of China [USTC]) team was announced with a certified stable efficiency of 26.7%. The work is published in the journal Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications.

NCM811 材料は、高エネルギー密度リチウムイオン電池の主要な正極材料と考えられています。ただし、応力によって生じる多結晶 NCM 材料の亀裂は活物質の損失を加速し、ライフサイクルを制限します。したがって、NCM 材料の化学機械的進化を監視し理解することが重要です。

Imagine simply telling your vehicle, "I'm in a hurry," and it automatically takes you on the most efficient route to where you need to be.

部分的にイカからインスピレーションを得た柔軟なスクリーンは、電子機器ではなく磁場を使用して、コンピューターのように暗号化された画像を保存および表示できます。この研究は、ミシガン大学のエンジニアによって『Advanced Materials』誌に報告されています。

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首都大学東京の研究者らは、回収された炭素から作られる重炭酸塩溶液から、グリーン燃料であるギ酸塩溶液への工業的変換の実現に向けて前進した。この研究はEES Catalysis誌に掲載されています。

昆虫から両生類、魚に至るまで、多くの動物種は、周囲の環境内を移動する手段としてジャンプを使用します。ジャンプはこれらの動物にとって非常に有利であり、たとえば、木の高い枝に到達したり、捕食者から素早く逃げたり、長距離をより速く移動したりすることができます。

Deepfake videos generated by artificial intelligence grow increasingly difficult to identify as false, a challenge that could significantly skew the results of the upcoming presidential election.

Research published in the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology may soon help solve a long-standing challenge in semiconductor manufacture: the accurate detection of surface defects on silicon wafers. Crystalline silicon is the critical material used in the production of integrated circuits and in order to provide the computing power for everyday electronics and advanced automotive systems needs to be as pristine as possible prior to printing of the microscopic features of the circuit on the silicon surface.

SUNY Poly 助教授の Mahmoud Badr 博士とその仲間たちは最近、「スマート グリッドの公平かつ効率的な充電調整のための強化学習」と題する研究を雑誌 Energies に発表しました。この研究では、スマート グリッドにおける家庭用バッテリー システムの充電調整を改善するための強化学習 (RL) の使用を調査しています。